Type 2 diabetes

A person with Type 2 diabetes has adequate insulin, but the cells have become resistant to it. Type 2 usually occurs in adults over 35 years old, but can affect anyone, including children. The National Institutes of Health state that 95 percent of all diabetes cases are Type 2 because it is a lifestyle disease, triggered by obesity, a lack of exercise, increased age and to some degree, genetic predisposition.



Risk Factors For Type 2 Diabetes

- Obesity
- Poor diet
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Increased age - almost 21% of people over 60 have diabetes
- Family history
- Ethnicity - diabetes is more common in the African-American, Native American, Latino, Pacific Islander and Asian-American populations
- History of metabolic syndrome
- History of gestational diabetes

How Does High Blood Glucose Happen?

Food is broken down into glucose during digestion. The glucose is released into the blood and the digestion process activates the pancreas to release insulin, which helps the glucose enter the cells of the body where it's used for energy. When someone is resistant to the effects of insulin, the glucose keeps circulating in the blood and doesn't reach the body's cells. This causes the body to try to get rid of the glucose in other ways.

Symptoms

- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Unplanned weight loss
- Weakness and fatigue
- Numbness or tingling in hands or feet
- Blurred vision
- Dry, itchy skin
- Frequent infections
- Slow healing of cuts and bruises

Managing Type 2 Diabetes

Managing type 2 diabetes means making some changes to how you live. Talk with your doctor about which changes are right for you. Useful tips:
- Eat healthy, and lose weight if your doctor says you should
- Be more active
- Test your blood sugar regularly
- Have your doctor check your A1C level (your average blood sugar over the past two to three months)
- Take one or more diabetes medicines as prescribed by your doctor

Complications Caused By High Glucose

- Neuropathy - nerve damage, especially in extremities
- Nephropathy - kidney damage, kidney failure
- Retinopathy - vision problems, blindness
- Cardiovascular Disease - heart disease and increased risk of strokes
- Erectile dysfunction in men and decreased desire in both men and women
- Depression

Preventing Type 2 Diabetes

Having pre-diabetes puts you at a higher risk for type 2 diabetes in the future. But it doesn't have to mean that you will get type 2 diabetes. A healthy lifestyle change can lower your risk and improve the way your body uses insulin. A low fat diet and calories can help you lose weight. The less fat and more muscle you have, the less resistant to insulin you will be. Exercising regularly not only helps you to lose weight, but also help lower your blood glucose level by using glucose as energy.

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